利用Origin双参数拟合表面张力与浓度曲线

在表面张力实验中总结出了一种利用易得易用的Origin软件处理数据的双参数拟合法,不仅更为科学严谨,而且简便易学,适合高校化学实验进行教学改革和计算机辅助教学.     

2017年美国国家化学周活动展示及启示

简要介绍2017年美国国家化学周活动，并得出对我国中学化学教学的启示：（1）营造宽松氛围，实现寓教于乐；（2）凸显证据推理，强化辨识能力；（3）争创绿色教育，长鸣安全警钟；（4）鼓励质疑问难，培养探索精神；（5）拓宽化学阅读，开阔学科视野；（6）开发七彩实验，畅享化学之美。     

Tensile versus AFM testing of electrospun PVA nanofibers: Bridging the gap from Microscale to nanoscale

Design and application of mechanically extraordinary nanofibers requires their full comprehension, based on conclusive testing methods. Electrospun polymer nanofibers, for instance, show a progressive and pronounced increase in their Young's moduli when diameters decrease below the µm scale. Measurement of mechanical properties in this diameter range is challenging and in the vast majority of reports, two classes of methods are commonly used: highly sensitive tensile testing and atomic force microscopy three‐point deformation testing. Despite the methods' inherent dissimilarity, we resolve their conformity for the first time, with respect to the determination of Young's moduli. Here, we benchmark them against each other for electrospun polyvinyl‐alcohol nanofibers, a well‐defined model system. Our results provide an experimental basis for a comprehensive understanding of nanofiber structures and its implications on their mechanical properties. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016 , 54, 2418–2424     

酸洗比色法在直链烷基苯生产质量控制中的应用

对于首次应用于大亚湾中微子物理实验的液体闪烁介质——直链烷基苯( LAB)的工业化生产,其最重要的质量控制指标为光衰减长度,这通常需要在实验室里利用专门仪器进行测量分析.经过对比研究,在LAB工业化生产流程的基础上,建立了相应的测试方法——酸洗比色分析方法,即使直链烷基苯和98.4％的发烟硫酸反应,在波长403 nm处...     

3D偏振演示实验

剖析了3D立体效果的形成原理,设计了3D演示实验装置.通过光偏振技术、透镜成像规律以及视觉暂留现象的运用,演示了3D立体效果形成过程.     

Microstructure evolution during tensile loading histories of a polyurea

The evolution in the hard/soft domain microstructure of an elastomeric‐like polyurea during different tensile loading histories was studied using in situ small‐ and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS). The nonlinear stress–strain behavior is initially stiff with a rollover yield to a more compliant response; unloading is highly nonlinear showing substantial hysteresis while also exhibiting significant recovery. Reloading reveals a substantially more compliant “softened” behavior and dramatically reduced hysteresis. WAXS peaks monitor characteristic dimensions of regular features within the hard domains; the peak location remains unchanged with tensile deformation indicating no separation of the internal structure within a domain, but the peak intensity becomes anisotropic with deformation evolving in a reversible manner consistent with orientation due to stretch. The SAXS profiles provide information between major hard domains. SAXS peaks are found to shift with tensile loading in a relatively affine manner up to a tensile true strain of ～0.4, which, using a Bragg reduction to aid interpretation, reveals an axial increase and a transverse decrease in interdomain spacings; this evolution is reversible for strains less than ～0.4. Increasing axial strain beyond a true strain of ～0.4 is accompanied by a dramatic, progressive, and irreversible reduction in axial Bragg spacing, indicating a breakdown in the hard domain aggregate network structure. A four‐point pattern is seen to develop during stretching. The breakdown in networked structure during a first load cycle gives a new structure for subsequent load cycles, which is seen to evolve in a reversible manner for strains less than or equal to the prior maximum strain. However, for strains exceeding the prior maximum strain excursion, additional breakdown is found. These SAXS results show that a breakdown in the hard domain aggregate network structure is a governing mechanism for the large dissipation (hysteresis) loops of the first load cycle and are also responsible for the softened reloading response. The absence of structure breakdown during subsequent load cycles corresponds to the substantially reduced hysteresis loops as well as the stable softened behavior. DMA data on pristine and previously deformed samples show a more compliant storage modulus in the predeformed sample, supporting the softened cyclic stress–strain data and the structural breakdown observed in the SAXS; the loss modulus was unchanged with deformation, which correlates with the lossy features measured in DMA with time‐dependent viscosity rather than losses due to structural breakdown. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011     

The relaxed inexact projection methods for the split feasibility problem

In this paper we present several relaxed inexact projection methods for the split feasibility problem (SFP). Each iteration of the first proposed algorithm consists of a projection onto a halfspace containing the given closed convex set. The algorithm can be implemented easily and its global convergence to the solution can be established under suitable conditions. Moreover,we present some modifications of the relaxed inexact projection method with constant stepsize by adopting Armijo-like search. We furthermore present a variable-step relaxed inexact projection method which does not require the computation of the matrix inverses and the largest eigenvalue of the matrix A^TA, and the objective function can decrease sufficiently at each iteration. We show convergence of these modified algorithms under mild conditions. Finally, we perform some numerical experiments, which show the behavior of the algorithms proposed.     

Otto Stern (1888–1969): The founding father of experimental atomic physics

We review the work and life of Otto Stern who developed the molecular beam technique and with its aid laid the foundations of experimental atomic physics. Among the key results of his research are: the experimental test of the Maxwell‐Boltzmann distribution of molecular velocities (1920), experimental demonstration of space quantization of angular momentum (1922), diffraction of matter waves comprised of atoms and molecules by crystals (1931) and the determination of the magnetic dipole moments of the proton and deuteron (1933).     

基于FAHP的研究创新型实验项目选择

将模糊层次分析法(FAHP)应用于项目的选择中来,根据相关因素对项目的重要程度进行排序,改变了靠决策者主观选择项目这一现状,使项目的决择更科学.     

Preparation and properties of a biodegradable inferior vena cava filter

In this study, a new type of biodegradable inferior vena cava filter was designed and prepared based on polylactic acid. In addition to having the main functions of a common filter, it is also completely biodegradable in the human body without secondary surgical removal. The changes of surface morphology, molecular weight, viscosity, and radial support strength with degradation time were systematically investigated via degradation experiments in vitro. The results of crimping and expansion tests of the filter showed that reducing the crimping time and increasing the release time make it easier for the filter to recover to its original diameter. Further, the results of a thrombus capture experiment in vitro showed that the thrombus filtration ratio for the filter with double‐layer connection structure is 90%.